背景簡介：
A. Purpose of this Manual
This manual provides details and information necessary to generate expression constructs of your gene of interest in the pCDF lentivectors. Specifically, it provides critical instructions on amplification and cloning the cDNA into the pCDF Vectors, and verifying final expression constructs. This manual does not include information on packaging the pCDF expression constructs into pseudotyped viral particles or transducing your target cells of choice with these particles. 

B. Advantages of the Lentivector Expression System Lentiviral expression vectors are the most effective vehicles for delivering and expression of a gene of interest to almost any mammalian cell—including non-dividing cells and model organisms (C.A. Machida, 2003; M. Federico, 2003; W. C. Heiser, 2004). As with standard plasmid vectors, it is possible to introduce lentivector expression constructs in plasmid form into the cells with low-tomedium efficiency using conventional transfection protocols.
However, by packaging the lentivector construct into viral particles, you can obtain highly efficient transduction of expression constructs—even with the most difficult to transfect cells, such as primary, stem, and differentiated cells. The expression construct transduced in target cells is integrated into genomic DNA and provides stable, long-term expression of the target gene.
The lentiviral cDNA expression system consists of three main components:
(1) The lentiviral expression vector (e.g., pCDF1-MCS2-EF1-Puro)
(2) The lentiviral packaging plasmids (e.g., pPACKF1 Packaging Plasmid mix)
(3) A pseudoviral particle producer cell line (e.g., 293TN cells) 

The expression lentivector contains the genetic elements responsible for packaging, transduction, stable integration of the viral expression construct into genomic DNA, and expression of the target gene sequence. The packaging vector provides all the proteins essential for transcription and packaging of an RNA copy of the expression construct into recombinant viral particles. To produce a high titer of viral particles, expression and packaging vectors are transiently cotransfected into producer mammalian cells (e.g., HEK 293 cells). For a detailed description of SBI’s Lentivector expression system, please refer to the Lentivector Expression Systems user manual.
SBI’s novel pCDF Vectors are derived from feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV; Poeschla, 2003; for Safety Guidelines when working with these vectors, see section G). These pCDF Vectors, developed at SBI, are self-inactivating as a result of a deletion in the U3 region of 3’ ΔLTR (see Appendix for Vector Features). Upon integration into the genome, the 5’ LTR promoter is inactivated, which prevents formation of replication-competent viral particles.
When expressed, the hybrid CMV/FIV 5’ LTR drives high level transcription of the viral construct and produces a transcript that contains all the necessary functional elements (i.e., Psi, RRE, and cPPT) for efficient packaging. When this construct is expressed in HEK 293 cells that also express viral coat proteins (i.e., a packaging cell line), the pCDF transcripts are efficiently packaged into pseudoviral particles. After isolation, these pseudoviral particles containing the RNA version of the pCDF expression cassette can be efficiently transduced into any mammalian target cells. Following transduction into the target cells, this expression cassette is reverse transcribed and integrated into the genome of the target cell. The pCDF Vectors also contain a bacterial origin of replication and ampicillin resistance (AmpR) gene for propagation and selection in E.coli. 

The pCDF1-MCS2-EF1-Puro Vector (Cat. # CD110B-1) contains a puromycin resistance gene, under the control of a constitutive EF1 promoter and a WPRE regulatory element, to enable selection of target cells stably expressing the cDNA template. The pCDF1-MCS2-EF1-copGFP Vector (Cat. # CD111B-1) contains a copGFP gene under the control of a EF1 promoter and WPRE element. CopGFP is a novel fluorescent protein ,derived from copepod plankton (Panalina sp.), which is similar to EGFP but has a brighter color This gene serves as a reporter for the transfected or transduced cells. 

pCDF Cloning and Expression Lentivectors
The FIV derived pCDF vectors contain the following features:
 CMV promoter—promotes a high level of expression of your gene of interest in a wide variety of cell lines.
 Multiple Cloning Site (MCS)—for cloning the gene of interest in MCS located downstream of CMV promoter.
 WPRE element—enhances stability and translation of the CMVdriven transcripts.
 SV40 polyadenylation signal—enables efficient termination of transcription and processing of recombinant transcripts. 
Optional second expression cassette—provides expression of puromycin resistance gene or copGFP reporter under control of constitutive elongation factor 1 (EF1) promoter for selection or FACS analysis of transduced cells.
 Hybrid CMV-5LTR promoter—provides a high level of expression of the full-length viral transcript in producer 293 cells.
 Genetic elements (cPPT, GAG, LTRs)—necessary for packaging, transducing, and stably integrating the viral expression construct into genomic DNA.
 SV40 origin—for stable propagation of the pCDF plasmid in mammalian cells.
 pUC origin—for high copy replication and maintenance of the plasmid in E.coli cells.
 Ampicillin resistance gene—for selection in E.coli cells.